The decline in religious identification and corresponding increase in the unaffiliated has been one of the most important religious changes in the United Kingdom (UK). The emergence of the “religious nones” is the most obvious sign of continuing secularization and the declining social and cultural relevance of religion. Yet while the religiously-unaffiliated often form the plurality — if not so...

In the present investigation attempts were made for the first time to use the fundamental color stimulus as the input for a fixed optimized neural network match prediction system. Four sets of data having different origins (i.e. different substrate, different colorant sets and different dyeing procedures) were used to train and test the performance of the network. The results showed that th...

The bioaccumulations of metals Cu, Cd, Ni, Cr, Co, Mn, Zn and Fe were measured in bivalves, Cerastoderma glucaum, and four species of fishes including Alburnus chalcoides, Liza aurata, Rutilus frisii and Sander lucioperca from various trophic levels of the Caspian food web. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Co and Ni in most samples of fish were below the detection limits; while the concentrations ...

Background & Aim: Effects of ultra violet spectrum on plants due to their obligatory requirement for sunlight for survival are unavoidable. Direct effects of UV on plant growth and development are generally negative and usually they use many different defense mechanisms to acclimate and protect themselves. Material & Methods: The present research for the first time was conducted to investigate...

The one-pot four component synthesis of 3-(Imino)-2,3-dihydropyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline-1,1(10bH)-dicarbonitrile derivatives via a catalyst-free reaction between aryl aldehydes, malononitrile, isoquinoline and isocyanides was successfully conducted in glycerol as a benign, nontoxic and biodegradable promoting reaction medium. The progress of the reaction with two different common purification m...

We study the set of all closed oriented smooth 4-manifolds experimentally, according to a suitable complexity defined using Turaev’s shadows. This roughly measures how complicated 2-skeleton 4-manifold is.

Background and Purpose: Aspergillosis is one of the most common opportunistic fungal infections in immunocompromised and neutropenic patients. Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) is the most common causative agent of this infection. Due to variable CO2 concentrations that pathogens are exposed to during the infection process and to understand the role of CO2, we examined the effects of various...