The International System of Units (SI) is supposed to be coherent. That is, when a combination of units is replaced by an equivalent unit, there is no additional numerical factor. Here we consider dimensionless units as defined in the SI, e.g. angular units like radians or steradians and counting units like radioactive decays or molecules. We show that an incoherence may arise when different un...

Cost functions employed in unit selection significantly influence the quality of speech output. Although unit selection can produce very natural sounding speech the quality can be inconsistent and is difficult to guarantee due to discontinuities between incompatible units. The join cost employed in unit selection to measure the suitability of concatenating speech units typically consists of sub...

In the electromagnetic theory, the vacuum impedance Z0 is a universal constant, which is as important as the velocity of light c0 in vacuum. Unfortunately, however, its significance is not appreciated so well and sometimes the presence itself is ignored. It is partly because in the Gaussian system of units, which has widely been used for long time, Z0 is a dimensionless constant and of unit mag...

Let (V,Z) be a Topological Quantum Field Theory over a field f defined on a cobordism category whose morphisms are oriented n+1-manifolds perhaps with extra structure (for example a p1 structure and banded link). Let (M,χ) be a closed oriented n+ 1-manifold M with this extra structure together with χ ∈ H1(M). Let M∞ denote the infinite cyclic cover of M given by χ. Consider a fundamental domain...

This paper presents computer experiments concerning the decentralized pianola, a hypothetical mechanical music instrument, whose large-scale musical behavior is the result of local physical interactions between simple elements. Traditional mechanical music instruments like the pianola and the music box rely for their operation on the separation between a sequential memory unit and an execution ...

The progress of Particle Physics is closely linked to the progress in the understanding of the fundamental constants, like the finestructure constant, the mass of the electron or nucleon, or the electroweak mixing angle. The relation between the 18 fundamental constants of the Standard Model and the elementary units used in other fields like quantum optics or solid state physics is far from tri...

conclusions considering the personal and background characteristics of personnel and understanding their association with stress and stressful situations encompasses the ability to persevere and adapt to contextual stressors. patients and methods in this cross-sectional study, 3643 anonymous questionnaires were disseminated among nurses in different hospitals in tehran, iran, by utilizing multi...

medication errors account for about 78% of serious medical errors in intensive care unit (icu). so far no study has been performed in iran to evaluate all type of possible medication errors in icu. therefore the objective of this study was to reveal the frequency, type and consequences of all type of errors in an icu of a large teaching hospital. the prospective observational study was conducte...