Many important decisions hinge on expectations of future outcomes. Decisions about health, investments, and relationships all depend on predictions of the future. These expectations are often optimistic: People frequently believe that their preferred outcomes are more likely than is merited. Yet it is unclear whether optimism persists with experience and, surprisingly, whether optimism is truly...

objectives:this study used a quasi-experimental method inthe pretest-posttest to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive-existential group therapy on hopefulness in parents of children with cancer. methods:thirty parents (24 to 54 years old) of children with cancer were divided randomly into experimental and control groups. both groups were assessed with miller hope scale (1988), as pre-test. the ex...

BACKGROUND We examined the mental health status and severity of psychological distress symptoms among young adults residing in Kabul, Afghanistan and determined how such outcomes might be influenced by an array of risk and protective factors. METHODS A cross-sectional study design was adopted using convenience, snowball, and street-intercept recruitment techniques. Surveys were completed by 2...

OBJECTIVES The constructs optimism, pessimism, hope, treatment credibility and treatment expectancy are associated with outcomes of medical treatment. While these constructs are grounded in different theoretical models, they nonetheless show some conceptual overlap. The purpose of this study was to examine whether currently available measurement instruments for these constructs capture the conc...

Background: Breast is a sensitive organ for women. In addition to pain, breast cancer can cause many psychological problems for the patient. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Gestalt Therapy (GT) and Gestalt therapy combined with Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (GT-CBT) on the hope and pain intensity of women with breast cancer. Methods: It was a quasi-experimental study w...

Objective: The present research aimed to assess the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on the hope of patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 patients with breast cancer were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group attended ACT sessio...

Abstract Kant’s third question (“What may I hope?”) is underdiscussed in comparison to the other two, even though he himself took it be that united his efforts theoretical and practical philosophy. This largely own fault: discussion of moves quickly from talking about rational hope discussing kind Belief or faith ( Glaube ) grounds it. Moreover, canonical statements moral proof do not seem give...