persian gulf and its coastal areas are the world's largest source of crude oil and related industries govern the region. one of the contaminants in this area is heavy metals associated with oil spill. more importantly, vanadium, nickel and zinc can be named in this regard. in this study, the contamination of northern coasts of persian gulf is selected to investigate for trace metals of v, ni, c...

The need for oil and natural gas as a major source of energy is vital. On the one hand, it has affected the political and economic equations at the international, regional and national level. On the other hand, it has had negative effects on sociocultural, legal, and environmental aspects as well as on the physical and mental health of human beings. Therefore, the need to provide an environment...

China-Myanmar oil & gas pipeline project covers 7,676 miles in all. The project met with complex geological conditions, construction types along the line, and long-distance oil & gas parallel laying pipeline. Because the pipeline layout and the construction are more complicated, it is necessary to make the stress analysis of oil & gas parallel laying pipeline traversing tunnels. Software CAESAR...

this study was carried out to evaluate the antifungal efficacy of garlic essential oil (allium sativum l.) and two fungicides including metalaxyl- mancozeb and mancozeb against phytophthora melonis, p. drechsleri and p. capsici the causal agent of damping- off on pepper, melon and cucumber, in vitro and greenhouse conditions. fungal radial growth for each concentration of garlic oil on phytopht...

carbon dioxide flooding is considered to be one of the most effective enhanced oil recovery methods for the light oil reservoirs. depending on the operating pressure, the process might be miscible or immiscible. minimum miscibility pressure (mmp) is the most important parameter for assessing the applicability of any miscible gas flood for an oil reservoir. the miscibility condition is determine...

Use of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in compression-ignition (C-I) engines has always been considered important in the diesel engineering field. This is due to its easy accessibility and good combustion characteristics. In this paper the application of LPG fuel along with diesel oil in a direct- injection automotive diesel engine is experimentally investigated. In order to convert the pure dies...