in recent decade, with increasing competition, attracting and retaining customers are known as the most valuable competitive tool for many organizations. customers have a key role in success of businesses, so the managing of customers' relationship is one of organization priorities. although some organizations have customer relationship management, they are not able to absorb customer sati...

organizational entrepreneurship is the total efforts which directly or indirectly affects the performance of an organization. in municipalities, because of financial independent conditions, organizational entrepreneurship has a high value in order to increase the quality of urban services. based on the main need of the municipalities to organizational entrepreneurship, this study aims to explor...

The organization of nucleosomes influences transcriptional activity by controlling accessibility of DNA binding proteins to the genome. Genome-wide nucleosome binding profiles have identified a canonical nucleosome organization at gene promoters, where arrays of well-positioned nucleosomes emanate from nucleosome-depleted regions. The mechanisms of formation and the function of canonical promot...

adjudication independence can be studied in two areas namely independency of judicial power and independency of judge. the first one is based on the separation of powers theory but judge independence means its freedom from parties and their attorneys and its independence in intern of judiciary power. this sense of independence has two objectives: 1) judge's freedom in applying the law to f...

the purpose of this descriptive – correlation research was to investigate factors influencing job burnout among jihad-e keshavarzi organization specialists in kurdistan province. the statistical population of the study consisted of all jihad-e keshavarzi organization specialists (n=449). using the krejcie and morgan’s (1970) table and proportional stratified random sampling technique, 220 speci...

Employing IT as the key enable technology, virtual organization (VO) is primarily characterized as being a network of independent, geographically dispersed organizations (member organization) providing electronic services via Internet. To align these services effectively, one of the main challenges is to model cooperation in VO and provide correspondent management tools. Here we present a VOC (...

In this paper we initialize the study of independent domination in directed graphs. We show that an independent dominating set of an orientation of a graph is also an independent dominating set of the underlying graph, but that the converse is not true in general. We then prove existence and uniqueness theorems for several classes of digraphs including orientations of complete graphs, paths, tr...