Learner autonomy (LA) has always been a controversial issue among applied linguists. Several studies have been carried out to investigate the teachers' and learners' perceptions of learner autonomy as well as the feasibility of learner autonomy. Despite the importance of learner autonomy and the existence of several related studies, the challenges in promoting LA in Iranian institutes to the re...

pragmatic assessment and consistency in rating are among the subject matters which are still in need of more profound investigations. the importance of the issue is highlighted when remembering that inconsistency in ratings would surely damage the test fairness issue in assessment and lead to much diversity in ratings. our principal concern in this study was observing the criteria that american...

With the advent of communicative language teaching, textbook evaluation has received a considerable attention over the last two decades. However, only a few studies have been conducted on the evaluation of newlydeveloped textbooks for junior high schools in Iran; therefore, this paper aimed to evaluate the Iranian junior high school new textbook "Prospect" and its old version Right Path to Engl...

in today’s multiculturally interconnected world, cultural understanding is the key to communication and a buffer to communication breakdown. that is, the objectives of language learning cannot be viewed as a mainly linguistic task anymore; they should be directed towards achievement of intercultural communicative competence. therefore, the foreign language teachers should utilize and promote th...

Teacher efficacy is an essential psychological variable which is linked to student achievement, motivation, and even student self-efficacy. Moreover, teachers' self-efficacy beliefs play an essential role in the context of reform initiatives by mediating any behavioral change. The relevant literature reports conflicting findings on the sources, however. Such being the case, the present ...

It is more than 30 years that Afghan people immigrate to Iran. This paper aims to find out the educational challenges Afghan High School students face in Iranian schools based on English teachers’ perspectives in Tehran province. This research is qualitative and its kind is deductive. Based on the theoretical foundations of migration, relevant studies, especially the research of Sadegh Mousavi ...