Labor pain is one of the most severe pains. Labor is a complex and individual process with varying maternal requesting analgesia. Labor analgesia must be safe and accompanied by minimal amount of unwanted consequences for both the mother and the child, as well as for the delivery procedure. Epidural analgesia is the treatment that best meets these demands. According to the American Congress of ...

Information technologies (IT) may substitute for routine/manual tasks and complement complex/problem-solving tasks, which can induce bias towards greater demand for skilled labor. This phenomenon of “skill-biased technical change” has important implications for the impact of IT on factor substitution within a firm’s production process. Understanding how the substitution and complementarity rela...

background: depression is one of the most common and specific problems during pregnancy and after it. maternal postpartum depression compromises mothers’ health and affected social relationship and has negative effect on infant development.  the aimed of this study was to investigate the prevalence of postpartum depression and its related factors in isfahanian mothers. methods:this is a cross -...

Regional Dependencies in Job Creation: An Efficiency Analysis for Western Germany This paper investigates the efficiency of the matching process between job seekers and vacancy posting firms in West-Germany, using variation across labor market regions and across time. The results of a stochastic frontier analysis shed new light on extent and regional differences of search frictions, on potentia...

Abstract Considering that vaginal delivery is a painful process, the present study investigated the effects of Citrus aurantium on the severity of first-stage labor pain in primiparous women. This study was a randomized clinical trial conducted with 126 eligible primiparous patients. The pain severity of patients was measured at the time of enrolling in the study. In the intervention group, (ar...

Abstract Considering that vaginal delivery is a painful process, the present study investigated the effects of Citrus aurantium on the severity of first-stage labor pain in primiparous women. This study was a randomized clinical trial conducted with 126 eligible primiparous patients. The pain severity of patients was measured at the time of enrolling in the study. In the intervention group, (ar...

introduction although based on the development literature, achieving sustainable development is one of the most important aims of many developed as well as developing countries, institutional experts argue that development of various institutions could be the base point in these countries. labor market, one of the most important institutions, with a comprehensive look at this market and the geo...

Background and objective: Several studies have been conducted about Bacterial Vaginosis and its relation with preterm labor that was accompanied with controversial results. The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of Bacterial Vaginosis and common genitourinary infections between term and pre-term pregnancies. Methods: In a case-control study, 249 pregnant women admitted to Shohadyae ...