Patients with diabetes were first treated with insulin in 1922. Insulin was then prepared at a concentration of 20 units/ ml, but later insulin strengths of 40 and 80 units/ml were introduced to reduce the injected volume. For patients needing very large doses, strengths of 320 and 500 units/ml have also been manufactured. The original insulin syringe was designed with 20 divisions (marks) per ...

Background: Mental disorder is one of the most important diseases of which is predicted to increase from 10.5% to 15% until 2020. This study aimed to determine economic factors influencing mental health using multiple regression models in Ilam province in 2013. Methods: In this cross sectional study, 903 families from different cities of Ilam were selected using multistage cluster sampling. ...

phase change memory devices Kyle L. Grosse, Eric Pop, and William P. King Deptartment of Mechanical Science & Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Ur...

During the evolution of multicellular organisms, the unit of selection and adaptation, the individual, changes from the single cell to the multicellular group. To become individuals, groups must evolve a group life cycle in which groups reproduce other groups. Investigations into the origin of group reproduction have faced a chicken-and-egg problem: traits related to reproduction at the group l...

BACKGROUND Results of several studies suggest that psychological stress and negative mood can trigger genital herpes recurrences, but results are inconsistent. OBJECTIVE To determine whether short-term or persistent psychological stress or specific negative moods are predictive of genital herpes recurrences in women. METHODS A prospective cohort study followed up participants for 6 months u...

Over the past several decades in the US, married women’s hours of market work increased significantly. I argue that changes in behavior by married women with children account for much of this change. In particular, the pattern of married women’s work hours over the life cycle has changed substantially. In the past, married women of childbearing age tended to specialize in childrearing and home ...