Ascension (heavenly journey of Prophet Muhammad) is one of the most important religious issues that its representation was especially important in manuscripts of Islamic countries. In Timurid and Safavid periods, many painters worked in this field and famous people such as Kamal al-Din Behzad and Sultan Muhammad created fine works in the field. Due to the cultural relations with Safavid and Mug...

Since long ago the motif of “fish” has been one of the motifs employed in Persian artworks. As well as having extraordinary beauty of form, fish has deep symbolic meanings and has motivated Persian artists of different ages to employ it in their works. Rugs of Safavid era are among such artworks. Both in ancient Iranian mythology and also in Islamic culture, fish has enjoyed a signi...

“Josheghan-e-Ghali” is located in Isfahan Province near Kashan County, and it has some economic communication with this two cities. Carpet weaving has been common in this area since Safavid era and the products have been exported. In spite of a rich artistic history, this region has been rarely studied. This paper is the first survey about history of carpet weaving in “Joshegh...

After the death of Sheikh Safi al-Din Ardabili in 735 AH. / 1335 AD., his mausoleum was developed by his son and his successor, Sheikh Sadr al-Din Musa, and later expanded, especially during the reign of Safavid Shah Tahmasb I and Shah Abbas I. The hymn of "Allah Allah" is the most remarkable hymns in the tower of the mausoleum of Sheikh Safi al-Din Ardabili, so that it is often referred to as ...

Known to be one of the most significant illustration techniques in bibliopegy, tashir is characterized by a variety of aesthetical features over different eras. The Safavid Reign marks the summit of this art form. A magnificent inheritance of this era, the Tahmaspi Khamsah is an exquisite manuscript illuminated with the two prominent types of tashir common during the Safavid period. The tashirs...

شاه صفوی، دیوانسالاران و علما خود را در اجرای دستور الهی «امر به معروف و نهی از منکر،» مسوؤل می دانسته اند. در ساختار دیوانی دینی صفوی این از جمله وظایف شیخ الاسلام بوده است. اما در این نوشتار سندی ارائه شده که طی آن میرزا حبیب الله صدرممالک شخصی را به عنوان محتسب قزوین منصوب نموده تا علاوه بر اصلاح اخلاقی و اوضاع اجتماعی آن شهر، امور بازار را نیز ساماندهی نماید. در این نوشتار اطلاعات آن دوره د...

The advent of the industrial revolution in the 17th century in Europe was concurrent with the governance of the safavid dynasty in Iran. In that period, Iran succeeded to achieve growth and prosperity comparable to what other powerful societies did in that time; but this did not last long. Iran’s economic situation deteriorated and at the beginning of development of capitalism in Europe, imbala...

This study examines the concept and educational approaches and the relationshipbetween the mode and the hierarchy of education in each of the Safavid and Qajar periodsand the physical structure and structure of the schools, the role of each of these factors,including the styles, disciplines and conditions governing the educational system in theschool physical changes of different periods. In fa...