The present study analyzed 5785 vegetables for concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni and Hg, and estimated the health risk to local consumers by deterministic (point estimates) approaches. Levels of elements varied in different vegetables. Average levels of As, Cd, Cr, Ni, Hg and Pb were 0.013, 0.017, 0.057, 0.002, 0.094 and 0.034 mg/kg (fresh weight), respectively. The samples with 0.25% for Cd...

Fast hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) determination is important for environmental risk and health-related considerations. We used a microbial fuel cell-based biosensor inoculated with a facultatively anaerobic, Cr(VI)-reducing, and exoelectrogenic Ochrobactrum anthropi YC152 to determine the Cr(VI) concentration in water. The results indicated that O. anthropi YC152 exhibited high adaptability to ...

Tetranitromethane (T.N.M.) occurs in the production of T.N.T. as a byproduct of toluene nitration. It is a highly toxic substance, and its toxic properties have been recently investigated by Sievers, Rushing, Gay, and Monaco (1947). According to them, the maximum allowable concentration of T.N.M. is less than 5 p.p.m. Elkins (1950) recommends 0-5 p.p.m. or 4 mg./m.3 of air as the safe maximum a...

A vector algorithm is an algorithm that applies a bounded number of vector operations to an input vector, regardless of the length of the input. The allowable operations are usually restricted to bit-wise operations available in processors, including shifts and binary addition with carry. This paper studies automata for which it is easy to derive a vector algorithm to compute the sequence of st...

Generation–recombination noise associated with bulk defect levels in silicon is modeled in a partial differential equation-based device simulator to study the maximum allowable defect density that guarantees generation-recombination (g–r) noise-free operation in the presence of hotcarrier effects and space-charge injection.

Asymptotic hyperstability is achievable under certain switching laws if at least one of the feed-forward parameterization: 1) possesses a strictly positive real transfer function, 2) a minimum residence time interval is respected for each activation time interval of such a parameterization, and 3) a maximum allowable residence time interval is guaranteed for all active parameterization which is...

In this article, I will consider Markov Decision Processes with two criteria, each defined as the expected value of an infinite horizon cumulative return. The second criterion is either itself subject to an inequality constraint, or there is maximum allowable probability that the single returns violate the constraint. I describe and discuss three new reinforcement learning approaches for solvin...

In this paper, the maximum capacity path problem in time-varying network is presented, where waiting times at vertices are not allowable. Moreover, the capacities are considered the generalized trapezoidal fuzzy number. An exact algorithm is proposed which can find a optimal solution of problem subject to the time of path is at most T, where T is a given time horizon.