Representation and modeling of economic uncertainty is addressed by different modeling methods, namely stochastic variables and probabilities, interval analysis, and fuzzy numbers, in particular triple estimates. Fo-cusing on discounted cash flow analysis numerical results are presented, comparisons are made between alter-native modeling methods, and characteristics of the methods are discussed.

real exchange rate is one of the most important macroeconomic variables which affects various economic sectors. as the effect of real exchange rate variation is not equal in different sectors and due to importance of industrial development in economic development of country, this paper have investigated the effect of real exchange rate changes on  8 manufacturing subsectors over the period 1353...

to what extent do socio-economic and cultural factors influence fertility? what are women's fertility conditions among different religious sub-groups? to answer these questions, the required data were collected from 362 shiites and sunni women living in sarpolzhab, iran. then the collected data were analyzed. the results indicated a statistically significant difference between the reproductive ...

This paper explores the idea that institutional details matter and that attempts to estimate the economic effects of federalism by employing a simple dummy variable neglect potentially important institutional details. Based on a principal component analysis, seven aspects of both federalism and decentralization are used as variables for explaining differences in (1) fiscal policy, (2) governmen...

Health, nutrition and population policies play a fundamental role in economic and human development and poverty alleviation. Better health outcomes of individuals and populations can contribute to economic growth, which in turn can contribute to better health and again have a positive impact on economic growth, and so on. The ultimate objective of World Bank work in Health, Nutrition and Popula...