This paper presents AITS, an architecture for Affective Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS). In order to promote a more dynamic and flexible communication between the learner and the system, we integrate two adaptive emotional agents in a multi-agent AITS. The first component allows the tutor to express emotions in response to the student’s actions. The second component makes it possible the cap...

This paper introduces the concepts and procedures of "cognitive conjunction," a new approach to designing and analyzing cognitive activation experiments. Cognitive conjunction compliments categorical approaches such as cognitive subtraction and requires a specific form of statistical inference that involves the conjunction of several hypotheses. While cognitive subtraction studies are designed ...

We provide cross-country evidence to examine how financial market development affects innovation. Using a large data set including 34 developed as well as emerging countries, we differentiate the impacts of equity market and credit market development on a country’s innovation productivity measured by patenting. Our baseline results show that, while the development of equity markets encourages i...

1:35 1pAAa1. Designing for speech privacy in offices. Kenneth P. Roy ~Armstrong World Industries, Innovation Ctr., 2500 Columbia Ave., Lancaster, PA 17603! Speech privacy is an important component of the building interior environment, as it affects the satisfaction and performance of the occupants and thus their productivity. Privacy, both in terms of the confidentiality of conversations and re...

Sentence comprehension depends on continuous prediction of upcoming words. However, when and how contextual information affects the bottom-up streams of visual word recognition is unknown. This study examined the effects of word frequency and contextual predictability (cloze probability of a target word embedded in the sentence) on N1, P200, and N400 components, which are related to various cog...

In May, 2006, the National Science Foundation hosted a workshop entitled “The Scientific Basis of Individual and Team Innovation and Discovery” (Schunn, Paulus, Cagan, & Wood, 2006). An important outcome of the workshop was a focus on the emerging research opportunity of the cognition of engineering innovation. To advance industry’s ability to be innovative, a fundamental understanding of how i...