The purpose of this research is to identify the impact of price hike on the living standard of middle income people. The researchers tried to identify the alternatives of middle class people in face of price hike or inflation. This descriptive analytical research is conducted by random probability sampling. The data were collected by a well designed questionnaire that was tested by experts in t...

Iran has suffered ever-increasing domestic energy consumption, mostly because of its long-standing price control policy. To decelerate this trend, Iran began a reform on its energy subsidy system in December 2010. This paper examines the inflationary impact of the energy subsidy reform on different Iranian non-energy sectors and urban and rural households by making an updated input–output...

We assess the microstructure of the U.S. Treasury securities market following its migration to electronic trading. We model price discovery using a vector autoregression model of price and order flow. We show that both trades and limit orders affect price dynamics, suggesting that traders also choose limit orders to exploit their information. Moreover, while limit orders have smaller price impa...

We study intertemporal price discrimination when consumers can store for future consumption needs. To make the problem tractable we o¤er a simple model of demand dynamics, which we estimate using market level data. Optimal pricing involves temporary price reductions that enable sellers to discriminate between price sensitive consumers, who anticipate purchases for future consumption, and less p...

Although price promotions have increased in both commercial use and quantity of academic research over the last decade, most of the attention has been focused on their effects on brand choice and brand sales. By contrast, little is known about the conditions under which price promotions expand short-run and long-run category demand, even though the benefits of category expansion can be substant...

This paper assesses the impact of product market competition on job instability. Product market competition is measured by the price-cost margin, and job instability is proxied by the intensity of the use of temporary contracts. Using both worker data from the Spanish Labor Force Survey and …rm data from the Spanish Business Strategies Survey, I show that job instability rises with competition....

A considerable body of economic literature shows the adverse economic impacts of oil-price shocks for the developed economies. However, there has been a lack of empirical study of this kind on China and other developing countries. This paper attempts to fill this gap by answering how and to what extent oil-price shocks impact China’s economy, emphasizing on the price transmission mechanisms. To...

We show that a strong linear relationship exists between income and house price quantiles in Sydney (Australia), Houston, and the state of Texas. This suggests that the house price distribution is closely approximated by the income distribution after a location-scale transformation. The slope of the line changes over time in response to changes in the mortgage market. We argue that this finding...