This review covers H–H bond cleavage of dihydrogen (H2) mediated by structurally well-defined rare-earth metal (scandium, yttrium and lanthanides) complexes, their applications in homogenous catalysis, such as catalytic hydrogenation unsaturated organic molecules. Depending on the mechanism cleavage, this is organized two parts: (1) ?-bond metathesis, (2) non-?-metathesis H2 activation. The lat...

A simple, efficient and clean procedure has been developed for the cleavage of imines C=N bond. Deprotection of imines to their parent carbonyl and amine compounds was achieved using p-toluenesulfonic acid in the solid state condition at 25-45 ˚C. The salient features of this methodology are shorter reaction times, cheap processing, high yields of product and easy availability of the catalyst. ...

Hydrogen-induced ductility loss in two precipitation-hardened, martensitic stainless steels was investigated via tensile testing with internal hydrogen, revealing it to be more significant a higher hydrogen content or strength. A lower and strength resulted quasi-cleavage fracture considerable plastic strain, suggesting that hydrogen–dislocation interaction contributed the ductility. When eithe...

In this paper, we contend that party realignments occur due to the interaction of candidates and activists. We examine independent party candidates who are motivated primarily to win elections but who use activist contributions to increase vote shares. In a two-dimensional policy space, such candidates will on occasion engage in “flanking” moves so as to enlist coalitions of disaffected voters,...

The World Social Forum is an open space-movement that contrasts with the formalist self referred political system of representative democracy and inter-State relations. Its banners, decision-making practices and political culture question the social and political orders of global governance that have traditionally been presented as balanced structures aiming at a predictable and universal mater...

Cleavage fracture and the mechanisms involved in different ferritic steel model microstructures are investigated according to grain sizes, precipitates solute atoms matrix. For each case, one of these parameters is varied. Estimation critical stress for cleavage was discussed: it shown be determined from a simple Griffith inspired analysis or by employing Smith's description. The description ad...