In this research, data from 36 countries 2013 to 2018 were used examine the factors influencing CO 2 emissions in Islamic countries, focusing on impact of financial growth. The spatial econometric technique estimation findings indicate that there is no geographical association between analyzed countries. test establish existence Kuznets hypothesis for environment. Additionally, trade openness a...

Countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) have been facing serious environmental issues due to over-exploitation of natural resources. This paper analyzes ecological footprint as a proxy degradation determines its influencing factors 18 MENA countries during 2000–2016. Despite many studies on relationship between determinants region, current study use spatial econometric models take ...

This paper advances an empirical model assessing how changing economic and ecological conditions at different spatial scales affect land conversion decisions. We apply a multilevel econometric model to explore the implications for parameter estimates and their standard errors of ignoring hierarchical groupings in the data. The paper draws on a panel of agricultural-household data collected from...

The dynamic general nesting spatial econometric model for panels with common factors is the most advanced currently available. It accounts local dependence by means of an endogenous lag, exogenous lags, and a lag in error term. effects dependent variable lagged time, both space time. Finally, it global cross-sectional averages or principal components heterogeneous coefficients, which generalize...