This paper aims to analyze the relationship between energy consumption, trade openness and economic growth for countries of Shanghai Cooperation Organization that have started follow open foreign policies with transition market economy since early 1990s. The study examines validity aspect variables eight studied covering period 1990-2018 by using panel causality, cointegration vector error corr...

This paper provides an original study into how democratization and globalization in‡uence transnational terrorism — examining the motives of terrorists and how democratic institutions and international integration in‡uence non-state economic actors. We employ a gravity model to investigate the relative importance of globalization and democratization on transnational terrorism and external con‡i...

In this paper, we explore the relationship between international trade openness and two major political distortions, uncertainty, polarization. We consider measures of openness, expenditures number partners, as well their volatility. As distortions characteristics country are endogenously related, instrument uncertainty by standard deviation effective leaders’ ages a minimum age leaders country...

This paper discusses future directions in global trade analysis from the perspective of the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) network. The first section offers a projection of where the GTAP network might be in the year 2010. This is followed by an analysis of the basic drivers of change in global trade analysis. These include: network externalities and the push for greater openness in both ...

Despite plausible theoretical grounds for presuming a positive relationship between foreign direct investment inflows (FDI) and economic growth, existing empirical evidence on this nexus is inconclusive. In an effort to add to the empirical literature, this paper estimates the relationship between FDI and the rate of growth of GDP using a stochastic frontier model and employing panel data cover...