نتایج جستجو برای: the clinical target volume
تعداد نتایج: 16341196 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Background: For the purpose of individual clinical target volume assessment in radiotherapy of prostate cancer, MRSI was used as a molecular imaging modality with MRI and CT images. Materials and Methods: The images of 20 prostate cancer patients were used in this study. The MR and MRSI images were registered with CT ones using non-rigid registration technique. The CT based planning (BP), CT/MR...
Introduction: The high local control rates observed in patients with breast cancer who had been treated by modified radical mastectomy, chemotherapy and chest-wall irradiation using 120 kV X-rays (50 Gy in 25 fractions) motivated us to investigate their observed tumor control probability (TCP) and test a well-established radiobiological TCP model against our data. Mat...
rivers and runoff have always been of interest to human beings. in order to make use of the proper water resources, human societies, industrial and agricultural centers, etc. have usually been established near rivers. as the time goes on, these societies developed, and therefore water resources were extracted more and more. consequently, conditions of water quality of the rivers experienced rap...
Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) mathematically forms a large-scale optimization problem. The development of an IMRT plan is computationally expensive resulting in time-consuming, inefficient, and difficult to develop high-quality IMRT plans. By combining prior knowledge with proposed novel measures derived from both Overlap Volume Histogram (OVH) descriptors and Dose Volume Histogr...
recent years have witnessed an increased attention to form focused instruction and consciousness raising activities (ellis, 2002; doughty & williams, 1998) on the one hand and extensive and meaningful exposure to the target language (klapper & rees, 2003; day & bamford, 1998) on the other. due to significance attributed to above mentioned issues by scholars, this study attempted to bridge them ...
abstract this study investigates the teachers’ correction of students’ spoken errors of linguistic forms in efl classes, aiming at (a) examining the relationship between the learners’ proficiency level and the provision of corrective feedback types, (b) exploring the extent to which teachers’ use of different corrective feedback types is related to the immediate types of context in which err...
1.1 introduction “i see translation as the attempt to produce a text so transparent that it does not seem to be translated. a good translation is like a pane of glass. you only notice that it’s there when there are little imperfections- scratches, bubbles. ideally, there shouldn’t be any. it should never call attention to itself.” “norman shapiro” (venuti, 1995:1) edward fitzgerald is the br...
Background: in radiation treatment of moving targets located in thorax region of patient body, the delivered dose does not match with the planned treatment, resulting in some over and under dosage in the tumor volume, as a function of motion magnitude and frequency. Several efforts have been done to investigate the target motion effects on dose distribution in the target and surrounding normal ...
PURPOSE The goal of this work was to evaluate measured vs. calculated surface dose as a function of PTV-to-skin proximity and calculation matrix oxel size, determine effects on plan quality, and provide parameters and levels of uncertainty for clinical use. METHODS A right-sided CTV with the lateral border 5mm from the surface was delineated on the CT data of a head and neck phantom. A 5mm PT...
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