A subset D of V (G) is called an equitable dominating set of a graph G if for every v ∈ (V − D), there exists a vertex u ∈ D such that uv ∈ E(G) and |deg(u) − deg(v)| 6 1. The minimum cardinality of such a dominating set is denoted by γe(G) and is called equitable domination number of G. In this paper we introduce the equitable edge domination and equitable edge domatic number in a graph, exact...

Let G be a graph with no isolated vertex and f : V ( ) → {0, 1, 2} function. i = { x ∈ } for every . We say that is total Roman dominating function on if in 0 adjacent to at least one 2 the subgraph induced by 1 ∪ has vertex. The weight of ω ∑ v minimum among all functions domination number , denoted γ t R It known general problem computing NP-hard. In this paper, we show H nontrivial graph, th...

Let G = (V, E) be a graph. A subset D of V is called common neighbourhood dominating set (CN-dominating set) if for every v ∈ V −D there exists a vertex u ∈ D such that uv ∈ E(G) and |Γ(u, v)| > 1, where |Γ(u, v)| is the number of common neighbourhood between the vertices u and v. The minimum cardinality of such CN-dominating set denoted by γcn(G) and is called common neighbourhood domination n...

Smart city digital twins can provide useful insights by making effective use of multi disciplinary urban data from diverse sources. Whilst these new information that helps cities in decision making, verifying the authenticity, integrity, traceability and ownership across various functional units have become critical characteristics to ensure is an authentic trustworthy source. However, are rare...

Let $G$ be a simple graph with vertex set $V$. A double Roman dominating function (DRDF) on $G$ is a function $f:Vrightarrow{0,1,2,3}$ satisfying that if $f(v)=0$, then the vertex $v$ must be adjacent to at least two vertices assigned $2$ or one vertex assigned $3$ under $f$, whereas if $f(v)=1$, then the vertex $v$ must be adjacent to at least one vertex assigned $2$ or $3$. The weight of a DR...

Let k ≥ j ≥ 1 be two integers, and letG be a simple graph such that j(δ(G)+1) ≥ k, where δ(G) is the minimum degree of G. A (j, k)-dominating function of a graph G is a function f from the vertex set V (G) to the set {0, 1, 2, . . . , j} such that for any vertex v ∈ V (G), the condition ∑ u∈N[v] f(u) ≥ k is fulfilled, where N [v] is the closed neighborhood of v. A set {f1, f2, . . . , fd} of (j...

A signed graph is a pair $(G, \sigma)$, where $G$ (loops and multi edges allowed) $\sigma: E(G) \to \{+, -\}$ signature which assigns to each edge of sign. Various notions coloring graphs have been studied. In this paper, we extend circular graphs. Given \sigma)$ with no positive loop, $r$-coloring an assignment $\psi$ points circle circumference $r$ the vertices such that for every $e=uv$ $G$,...

Network lifetime is a critical issue in wireless sensor networks. In the coverage problem, sensors can be partitioned into many subsets to prolong network lifetime. These subsets are activated successively and each of them completely covers an interest region. Many centralized algorithms have been proposed to solve this problem. A very few distributed versions have also been presented but none ...

Let G be a (p, q)-graph with edge domination number γ′ and edge domatic number d′. In this paper we characterize connected graphs for which γ′ = p/2 and graphs for which γ′ + d′ = q + 1. We also characterize trees and unicyclic graphs for which γ′ = bp/2c and γ′ = q −∆′, where ∆′ denotes the maximum degree of an edge in G.