Traffic oscillation, stop and go traffic, is created by different reasons such as: sudden speed drop of leader vehicle. Stop and go traffic commonly is observed in congested freeways results in traffic oscillation. Many theories had been presented to define congestion traffic based on laws of physics such as: thermodynamics and fluid. But, these theories could not explain the complexity of driv...

In this work we propose a system of two frequency-selective surface (FSSs) with an ultra-wide band-stop response for 5G millimeter-wave applications. The analyses are based on the equivalent circuit method, which predicts transmission characteristics plane wave normal and oblique incidence, scattering matrix technique, provides result cascaded structure. geometries used in single-layer FSSs sim...

In this paper, a miniature ultrawideband (UWB) bandpass filter with dual notch bands and wide upper stopband is presented. The ultrawide passband characteristic is achieved using a microstrip to slot line transition, and a wide upper stop band is realized using an elliptical lowpass filter. The dual band notches at 5.46 GHz and 8.04GHz are obtained by incorporating defected microstrip structure...

Background: The present study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Dynamic Interspinous Spacer (Coflex®) and Static Spacer (X-STOP ®) compared to Laminectomy (LAMI) in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis.   Methods: A decision-analysis model was developed to estimate the cost-effectiveness. The effectiveness parameters were obtained from a systematic literature review in ...

OBJECTIVES To examine indicators of nicotine dependence in a national sample of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander daily smokers and their association with sustaining a quit attempt for at least 1 month, and to make comparisons with a national sample of Australian daily smokers. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS The Talking About The Smokes project used a quota sampling design to recruit 13...

It is well known that it is impossible for two parties to toss a coin fairly (Cleve, STOC 1986). This result implies that it is impossible to securely compute with fairness any function that can be used to toss a fair coin. In this paper, we focus on the class of deterministic Boolean functions with finite domain, and we ask for which functions in this class is it possible to information-theore...

INTRODUCTION Brand equity and consumer loyalty play a role in continued purchasing behaviour; however, this research has largely focused on non-addictive products without counter-marketing tactics. We examined the impact of brand equity (price premium, market share) and consumer loyalty (switching rates) on smoking cessation (discontinued cigarette purchases for 1 year) among smokers in a consu...