Abstract In 2014, a gravity-fed rural piped water supply system (GFRPWSS) was constructed in the northern part of Malawi at cost $6.8 million (MK5 billion). The designed to serve 35,007 people by 2020 but time study, ability users association (WUA) operate and maintain as well financial sustainability (i.e. if scheme could run without external support) were unclear. Financial records showed tha...

Abstract Dam control changes the hydraulic environment and hydrological rhythm of rivers; to explore causes fish habitat loss influence river regulation in such rivers, downstream curving reaches Shaying River were cut off. Grass, silver, bighead carp selected as research targets, impact waterway effect gravel mounds on target studied using numerical simulation. The results show that original c...

Phanera mekongensis , a new species from Phu Wua Wildlife Sanctuary, NortheasternThailand, is described and illustrated. The morphological description of the provided discussed in comparison with closely related species. molecular data nuclear chloroplast markers show that taxon robustly positioned well-supported clade includes type genus, P. coccinea .

the purpose of this study is the analysis of the farmers economic behavior to reduce the adverse environmental effects of agricultural chemical inputs by using contingent valuation approach and tobit model by heckman's two stage. to achieve the desired goal, 100 questionnaires collected by a random sampling from farmers of kashaf- rood basin in mashhad city in 2013. results showed that variable...

the objective followed in this descriptive-survey research was to investigate factors influencing farmers’ attitudes toward participation in water users’ associations. the statistical population of the study consisted of 1435 farmers of markazi district of zanjan county out of whom 329 were selected as sample using cochran formula. random sampling technique was used for the study. a questionnai...

original article   change in the form of doing the task in some occupations such as farming has led to overweight and obesity as a threatening factor for farmer's health. this study aimed to compare the anthropometric indices of obesity and fatness as the predictors of cardiometabolic disorders among rural farmers in the northern part of iran. this cross-sectional study was carried out in 2012 ...

the three practical steps that are need to be taken by government agencies in order to increase irrigation efficiency include economic motivation for optimization of water use, modification of existing irrigation systems in the short term and modernization of traditional methods in the long-term plan. the present research aims at identifying farmers' knowledge regarding irrigation and water iss...

Common belief and some empirical evidence indicates that productivity of a farmer may increase with age, reach some maximum level, and then decrease with further age (Tauer 1984; Tauer 1995). If productivity exhibits a life-cycle pattern, then productivity of agriculture may decrease as the U.S. farm population continues to age. Lifecycle changes are also critical in planning for succession of ...