[1] We investigated the impacts of vegetation and groundwater dynamics on warm season precipitation by using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with a modified Noah land surface model (LSM). The modified Noah LSM was augmented with an interactive canopy model and a simple groundwater model (SIMGM). A series of experiments performed shows that incorporating vegetation and g...

[1] Dry deposition velocities (Vd) for peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) calculated using two community dry deposition models with different treatments of both stomatal and nonstomatal uptakes were evaluated using measurements of PAN eddy covariance fluxes over a Loblolly pine forest in July 2003. The observed daytime maximum of Vd(PAN) was 1.0 cm s 1 on average, while the estimates by the WRF-Chem dr...

Advanced Cell Technology [4] (ACT), a stem cell biotechnology company in Worcester, Massachusetts, showed the potential for cloning [5] to contribute to conservation efforts. In 2000 ACT researchers in the United States cloned a gaur (Bos gaurus [6]), an Asian ox with a then declining wild population. The researchers used cryopreserved gaur skin cells combined with an embryo of a domestic cow [...

Mountain snow is a fundamental freshwater supply in the arid regions. Climate warming alters timing of snowmelt and shortens cover duration, which greatly influences regional climate water management. However, reliable estimation mass Tianshan Mountains (TS) still unclear due to scarcity extensive continuous surface observations complex spatial heterogeneity. Therefore, long-time simulation fro...

In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is coupled with the Advanced Canopy– Atmosphere–Soil Algorithm (ACASA), a high-complexity land surface model. Although WRF is a state-of-the-art regional atmospheric model with high spatial and temporal resolutions, the land surface schemes available in WRF, such as the popular NOAH model, are simple and lack the capability of repr...

Resins for crown and bridge have been widely used as veneers on rnetal frames to provide restorations of anterior teeth because the reproducibility of the aesthetics appearances is relative}y easyi-6), The reason would be that their materials have good handling, such as an arbitrary working time and short setting time due to the light-curing system, and also have the advantage of comparatively ...