In large regions of the world, biomass is a very important source of energy. The global bioenergy market based on forest biomass is growing rapidly. About 92 % of the bioenergy in Sweden comes from forests. Biomass from forests is not homogenous. The locations, transport distances, and transport methods, can differ very much and the industries that need biomass as input prefer raw materials wit...

the intuitionistic fuzzy set has been applied to game theory very rarely since it was introduced by atanassov in 1983. the aim of this paper is to develop an effective methodology for solving matrix games with payoffs of atanassov’s triangular intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (tifns). in this methodology, the concepts and ranking order relations of atanassov’s tifns are defined. a pair of bi-object...

Guaranteed Annuity Options (GAOs) are options available to holders of certain pension policies. Under these contracts, policyholders contribute premiums into a fund managed by the insurer. At retirement, the policyholders buy life annuities at a guaranteed rate provided by the original insurer, or annuitize with another insurer. If the guaranteed annuity rates are better than the prevailing rat...

Test models are required to evaluate and benchmark algorithms and tools which support model driven development. In many cases, test models are not readily available from real projects and they must be generated. Using existing model generators leads to test models of poor quality because they randomly apply graph operations on graph representations of models. Some approaches do not even guarant...

Quite a few techniques have been proposed on how to implement more complex and realistic shading models with graphics hardware [5, 7], making them useful for VR applications. Still, these techniques are rarely used, probably due to two reasons: complex implementation issues, and unintuitive parameters for the used shading models. We propose to use a simple technique called "NDF shading". It all...