in orders to promote the level of healthcare in societies, governments try to have different policies to transform the health system. the aim of this study was to measure the level of awareness of practitioners in iran, after initiating the new transformation of the health system in the country, starting from may 2014. this is a descriptive–cross-sectional study, which was inducted in october 2...

health care management in disasters is one of the main parts of disaster management. health in disasters is affected by performance of various sectors, and has an interactive impact on various aspects of disaster management. the aim of this study was to identify the most important themes affecting the healthcare management in disaster.in this qualitative study with a content analysis approach, ...

sex determination is the first step in identification of dead body and hip bone or its components are reliable in sex discrimination. the present study was done to determine the applicability of some osteometric parameters of human hip bone in sex identification. sixteen different variables for the anterior border of 50 human hip bones from a skeletal collection were studied. statistically sign...

spatial planning in border areas in iran because of long borders and settling more than half ofthe provinces in the country's international borders with neighbouring countries play particular role in the planningsystem. this article aims to clarify the position of border areas spatial planning in the country planning system,identifying its elements, elucidating how these elements relate to othe...

Background The importance of cross-border healthcare, medical and health tourism plays a significant role in the European health policy and health management. After dentistry, orthopaedic treatments are the leading motivation for seeking care in Hungary, as patients with rheumatic and motion diseases are drawn to the thermal spas and well-established orthopaedic centres. This paper aims to gain...

background and objectives: many iranian public hospitals are faced with serious financial challenges such as shortage of income and heavy debts. nevertheless, many of the healthcare services are often remained unearned for not being included in the clinical records or patient bill, resulting in considerable loss of legitimate hospital in­come. given the limited studies in this area in iran, the...

most children in hospital have pain. seeing your child in pain or discomfort is incredibly difficult. pain in children is a public health concern of major significance in most parts of the world. we have learned that unrelieved pain causes the body to release certain chemicals that may actually delay healing, so it's important to work with child's nurses and doctors to help children f...

craniofacial  anomalies  include  clefts,  synostoses,  atrophic  abnormalities,neoplasias etc. among which cleft lip and/or palate caused by abnormal facial development during gestation is one of the most prevalent congenital defects. its overall occurrence is about 1:700 ranging from 0.02 to 4.04 in 1000 live births. there are different etiologic factors considering the cleft cause. in most c...