chainsaw is an important machine for tree felling limbing and bucking in hyrcanian forest and the major problems related to using forest machines was sound intensity. the aim of this study was to measure the sound level in occupational exposure of workers, determine the exposure time of workers and comparison of the variables among the workers. this study was carried out in namkhaneh district i...

Oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. and Quercus robur L. grouped), European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) hornbeam (Carpinus betulus are three major species of western central forests. When conditions suitable for the species, silvicultural management often favours oak because its greater economic interest. Forest managers know that strong competitors during regeneration phase, but influence relat...

European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) is a tree species widely distributed in Europe and the Asian part of Near East. However, since not very attractive for commercial purposes, scientific interest this has been rather sparse. Our study focused on dense young (up to 10 years old) stands originating from natural regeneration seeds Slovakia because future importance may increase due climate cha...

Ungulate impacts on forest understory alter tree species composition, with cascading effects functions and resilience against future climate conditions. Indeed, the ungulate browsing pressure seedlings is species-specific causes contrasted growth reductions that recruitment rates. Untangling of from other factors driving regeneration success required to guide management. In particular, Fagus sy...

directional felling of trees plays a key role in reducing of damages to forest residual trees and can also facilitate skidding. the aim of this study was presents a practical linear model for estimation of tree falling direction error in an uneven-aged mixed stand in northern forests of iran. to conduct the study a number of 95 trees of four species fagus orientalis lipsky, carpinus betulus l.,...

extracts derived from viscum album have been shown to kill cancer cells in vitro. some studies have noted that different species of this plant collected from around the world displayed cytotoxic effects in different extents. in the present study, we evaluated the effects of iranian mistletoe extracts on five cancer cell lines. plants growing on hornbeam tree (carpinus betulus) were collected, a...

Hedgerows and woody strips have been used to enclose fields but declined due to the loss of a direct economic value, abandonment of traditional management techniques and agricultural intensification. Nowadays, shrubs and trees on pastures are promoted again through environment-friendly policies and the interest in using them as forage for ruminant increases in both temperate and tropical ecosys...