From the perspective of cognitive mechanisms, this research discusses effects flexibility, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and optimism on entrepreneurship competence. Qualitative interviews have revealed general relationship between key concepts. SEM analysis further shows that flexibility has a positive direct effect self-efficacy; self-efficacy competence; indirect competence through moderate...

Trace element abundances in the sputtered extended atmospheres of the Galilean satellites reflect the surface abundances of these trace elements and can thus serve as signatures of surface processes on these satellites. We have measured sodium and potassium abundances in the extended atmospheres of Europa and Io, and derive sodium-to-potassium ratios of 25 ± 2 and 10 ± 3. The large difference b...

1. Indicators of Past Climates 2. Milestones in Paleoclimatic Research 3. History of the Atmosphere 3.1. Early Evolution 3.2 Secondary Atmosphere 3.3. The Atmosphere at the Time of the Origin of Life 3.4. The Last 600 Million Years 4. Climate Evolution 4.

Evapotranspiration (ET) is the movement and transfer (i.e., flux) of water as a liquid at the Earth’s surface to the atmosphere as a gas. ET is a combination of open water evaporation and plant transpiration ( , which is the Sublimation transition of solid water (i.e., ice, snow) to vapor due to low atmospheric pressure (i.e., high altitude), dry air and high sunlight, is generally considered s...

One major problem of phase-referencing VLBI observations are phase errors due to the unknown tropospheric zenith delay at each antenna. These errors degrade the quality of the phase-referenced image and limit the achievable astrometric accuracy. We will present and compare two independent methods to estimate the zenith delay offset at each antenna. The zenith delay offsets can then be used to c...

Theoretical arguments and observations suggest that the atmospheres of Brown Dwarfs and planets are very dynamic on chemical and on physical time scales. The modelling of such substellar atmospheres has, hence, been much more demanding than initially anticipated. This Splinter1 has combined new developments in atmosphere modelling, with noval observational techniques, and new challenges arrisin...

We examine the general problem of light transport initiated by oblique illumination of a turbid medium with a collimated beam. This situation has direct relevance to the analysis of cloudy atmospheres, terrestrial surfaces, soft condensed matter, and biological tissues. We introduce a solution approach to the equation of radiative transfer that governs this problem, and develop a comprehensive ...