T he world economy has experienced a bulk of positive and negative shocks in crude oil prices and exchange rates over the years, and that global inflation has undergone some changes. Such shocks have affected the macroeconomic variables in the countries of the world and have challenged the economies of these countries, and have led them to take different measures to protect themselves agai...

Partial nitritation-anammox (PN/A) process will substantially reduce the costs for removal of nitrogen in mainstream municipal sewage. However, one PN/A challenges is to time necessary adaptation anammox bacteria lower temperatures mild climates. In this study, we exposed flocculent culture cold shocks [35°C ? 5°C (8 h) 15°C] and evaluated long-term shock response. Over a post-shock period 40 d...

The programming of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) influences inappropriate shock rates. The aim of the study is to analyse rates of patients with appropriate and inappropriate shocks according to detection zones in the OPTION trial. All patients received dual chamber (DC) ICDs randomly assigned to be programmed either to single chamber (SC) or to DC settings including PARAD+ alg...

This study is an attempt to examine the effects of external shocks on macroeconomic variables in selective small open emerging economies in Southeast Asia. A quarterly Global Vector Autoregressive (GVAR) model, including 33 countries, was used throughout 1979–2013. The empirical results showed that the target countries were affected by external shocks, especially the shocks in the U.S, Euro are...

DC shocks within the coronary sinus have been abandoned because of the risk of cardiac rupture and tamponade. Catheter ablation using DC energy to electrodes straddling the ostium of the coronary sinus, when used clinically, has been reported to result in cardiac tamponade in as many as 16% of patients. A new system of energy delivery maximizes voltage while decreasing the undesirable effects c...

Using the definitions of δand δ′-shocks for the systems of conservation laws [12], [13], [39], the Rankine–Hugoniot conditions for δand δ′-shocks are derived. We present a construction of solutions to the Cauchy problems admitting δand δ′-shocks. In particular, the Riemann problem admitting shocks, δ-shocks, δ′-shocks, and vacuum states is considered. The geometric aspects of δand δ′-shocks are...

Today huge population worldwide is affected with the chronic debilitating neuropathic pain. A high level of dexterity is required for the diagnosis of neuropathic pain as it can develop gradually with time. Diagnosing and treating neuropathic pain is still a challenge to clinicians but if it is suspected, then various diagnostic screening tools such as neuropathic pain scale, Leeds assessment o...

I investigate the convergence of demand and supply shocks in new EU member countries to those of the EU. High synchronization of the shocks would indicate relatively low costs of joining a monetary union. Applying the Kalman filter to demand and supply shocks recovered from SVAR, I calculate time varying coefficients in regression of shocks in individual countries versus the EU. For most countr...