1. The history of US–Indian relations 1.1 1947-1990: The Cold War era US–Indian economic relations were never insignificant following India's independence, but mutual understanding was lost during the Cold War system, resulting in suppressed progress in the bilateral economic relationship. As a result of India's adoption of a parliamentary democracy after independence, the US assumed that as a ...

This essay contends that allies are vital for counterterrorism, but what we ask of them and their institutional form is quite different from what was asked of traditional alliance partners during the Cold War and its immediate aftermath. Despite these differences, some of the alliance dilemmas that plagued the United States in the past are likely to remain, though they will have different manif...

Nuclear weapons have been a cornerstone of U.S. national security since they were developed during World War II. In the Cold War, nuclear forces were central to U.S. defense policy, resulting in the buildup of a large arsenal. Since that time, nuclear forces have figured less prominently than conventional forces, and the United States has not built any new nuclear weapons or delivery systems fo...

This article examines the way in which the EU has moved beyond its traditional, cold war role, and has extended its role in the sphere of security policies. Enlargement to the east and south is one of the most effective ways in which the EU can extend its influence, and through which it can help to create a zone of security, peace and prosperity in Europe. However, the focus of this article is ...

qualified for international assistance as official refugees steadily escalated from 2.5 million in 1975 to more than 15 million in 1989 [1]. The United Nations Convention of 1951 defines a refugee as “a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of hi...