This paper compares the performance of simple voting rules, called referenda, to the performance of interim efficient mechanisms for the provision of a public good. In a referendum, voters simply vote for or against the provision of the public good, and production of the public good depends on whether or not the number of yes votes exceeds a prespecified threshold. Costs are shared equally. We ...

personal security is a favorable state in which human being is secured that all his freedoms and rights are not violated, which will be increased and extended. since in some of international documents, this right is explicitly mentioned and in iranian constitutional law it is not expressly mentioned, it is necessary to study and analyze theories and examples for achieving the definition, which ...

Abstract Far from being an abstract concept, international, European, and Spanish legal orders clearly conceptualize “rule of law”. Catalan secessionism, appealing to the democratic principle, challenged common understanding rule law in period between 2012 2017. This article offers a detailed explanation on how secessionism fundamentally disregarded understandings principle and, more precisely,...

This paper looks at the results of the referendum on the United Kingdom membership to the European Union in order to test the link between the internationalization of the local economy and the openness of the local society as factors associated with the Leave vote (Brexit). The paper compares a number of alternative explanations put forward in the public debate after the referendum. The empiric...

in modern legal systems there are a variety of sources of law. judicial precedent is one of the legal sources; thus, precedents of supreme court, like enactments of parliament, are enforceable in courts. this similarity between precedents and acts impose many problems as role of supreme court in interpretation of   laws. but the most important problem is the possibility of changing previous pre...

We consider a society confronting the decision of accepting or rejecting a list of (at least two) proposals. Assuming separability of preferences, we show the impossibility of guaranteeing Pareto optimal outcomes through anonymous referendum voting, except for the case of an odd number of voters confronting precisely two proposals. In this special case, majority voting is the only anonymous soc...

Generations of research have incrementally identified the circumstances under which electoral campaigns matter. Direct interpersonal contact within local networks is commonly seen as conducive to campaign impact, but empirical evidence scarce because demanding data requirements. We advance literature by studying Movimento Cinque Stelle (M5S), an important challenger party in Italy, followed unu...

A family of mesomorphic bis(alkoxystilbazole)silver(I) dodecylsulphate and octylsulphate complexes has been studied by X-ray scattering in their various mesophases. In