INTRODUCTION Thyroid disorders are prevalent and their manifestations are determined by the dietary iodine availability. SOURCES OF DATA Data from screening large population samples from USA and Europe. AREAS OF AGREEMENT The most common cause of thyroid disorders worldwide is iodine deficiency, leading to goitre formation and hypothyroidism. In iodine-replete areas, most persons with thyro...

UNLABELLED PREGNANCY AND FOLIC ACID: Pregnancy is the most important period in life of every woman, partially for the number of physiological adaptations she is going through, partially for the expectance of new life. In addition, pregnancy is the "critical window" for development later in childhood, as a period of foetal programming during which nutrition plays one of crucial roles. Despite th...

OBJECTIVE. In children, vitamin D deficiency can interfere with bone mineralization, leading to rickets. In adults, it is linked to cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, and hypertension. Accurate estimates of the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency are complicated by the lack of consensus as to optimal vitamin D status. Currently, individuals with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels of 11 ng...

vitamin d is essential for growth and vitamin d deficiency is important issue in adolescent girls as they have a limited rapid growth period .this cross sectional study was done on 167 female students in secondary guidance school in 2006. growth parameters, taking supplementary vitamin d, using sunscreen creams and the type of housing and their avoidance from exposure to sunlight was recorded. ...

platelet adherence surrounding leucocytes in a rosette formation or platelet satellitism is a rare phenomenon. this finding has been observed almost exclusively in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid treated blood at room temperature. the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is not fully understood. in many reports of platelet satellitism platelets clump to polymorphonuclear neutrophils in healthy ...

the purpose of this study was to investigate any association between iga deficiency (igad) and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (jra) among iranian children. this case-control study was carried out on 83 children who were diagnosed as jra according to american college of rheumatology (acr) criteria; patients were admitted at the rheumatology clinic of children's medical center, (tehran). serum imm...

background several studies indicated that there is a high prevalence of vitamin d deficiency in middle east countries. objectives the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and assess some risk factors of vitamin d deficiency among women attending our clinics in tehran, the capital of iran. patients and methods five hundred and thirty-eight women aged 20-80 years were entered in this...

All newborns require phylloquinone after birth to prevent vitamin K deficiency bleeding. Babies born prematurely may be at particular risk of deficiency without adequate supplementation during infancy. The main sources of phylloquinone in preterm babies during the neonatal period are the prophylactic dose of phylloquinone given at birth, and that derived from parenteral and/or enteral feeding. ...

OBJECTIVE Describing water-related perceptions and practice and how slum dwellers lacking public service coverage in the town of Turbo in the Antioquia Department, Colombia, approach this. METHODS This study involved qualitative research from an ethnographic approach. Data was collected by means of interviews with slum dwellers and observing water-related activities. The information was encod...