In the inference for jump-diffusion processes, we often need to get the information of the jump part and of the continuous part separately from the data. Although some asymptotic theories have been studied on this issue, a practical interest is the inference from finitely many discrete samples. In this paper we propose a numerical procedure to construct a filter to judge whether or not a jump o...

background following the tenets of world polity and innovation diffusion theories, i focus on the coercive and mimetic forces that influence the diffusion of mental health policy across nations. international organizations’ mandates influence government behavior. dependency on external resources, namely foreign aid, also affects governments’ formulation of national policy. and finally, mounting...

We describe the mathematical theory of diffusion and heat transport with a view to including some of the main directions of recent research. The linear heat equation is the basic mathematical model that has been thoroughly studied in the last two centuries. It was followed by the theory of parabolic equations of different types. In a parallel development, the theory of stochastic differential e...

This paper focuses on the theory of adoption of cellular phone as an innovation and its diffusion and penetration in the Pakistani society and to confirm Roger’s theory of diffusion of innovation. More specifically, the study aims to test if five categories of adopters and five stages of adoption [as suggested by Roger (1976)] adequately explain the behavior of cellular phone users in Pakistan....

A difference in salt concentration in two solutions separated by a membrane leads to an electrical potential difference across the membrane, also without applied current. A literature study is presented on proposed theories for the origin of this membrane potential (ϕm). The most well-known theoretical description is Teorell-Meyer-Sievers (TMS) theory, which we analyze and extend. Experimental ...

Background &Objectives:Patientsafety is a global medical concern with remarkable influence onthe health of patients. Studies have suggested thattreatment-related damages occur in approximately 10% of patients at variable degrees, and more than a quarter of these damages are associated with medication errors. Medication errors could be diminished during patient hospitalization and transferusing ...

Recently, diffusion tensor imaging is attracting the biomedical researchers for its application in depiction of fiber tracts based on diffusion anisotropy. In this paper, we briefly describe the basic theory of diffusion tensor MR imaging, the determination process of diffusion tensor, and the basic concepts of diffusion tensor visualization techniques. Several results of clinical application i...

Dispersal of organisms has large effects on the dynamics and stability of populations and communities. However, current metacommunity theory largely ignores how the flows of limiting nutrients across ecosystems can influence communities. We studied a meta-ecosystem model where two autotroph-consumer communities are spatially coupled through the diffusion of the limiting nutrient. We analyzed re...

This review article presents 3 theories related to ligand diffusion, general anesthesia and sleep. The first theory describes the diffusion of molecules across a protein surface to a receptor. It is based on the effect of the amino acid side chains on the protein surface on the structure of bulk water nearby. This influence creates pathways, called chreodes, through the water near the protein s...