in fact, this study focused on the following questions: 1. is there any difference between the effect of functional/notional approach and the structural approaches to language teaching on the proficiency test of efl learners? 2. can a rather innovative language test referred to as "functional test" ge devised so so to measure the proficiency test of efl learners, and thus be as much reliable an...

Background: Some obstacles and inefficiencies in deaf education system may be attributed to the fact that the right to education and equality of opportunities for national core curriculum, and the need for learning Farsi language are not met separately among deaf students. In fact, the distinction between these two educational challenges is not addressed to deaf pupils in particular. Based on t...