Introduction: Ischemia leads to loss of neurons by apoptosis in specific brain regions, especially in the hippocampus. The purpose of this study was investigating the effects of exercise preconditioning on expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 proteins in hippocampal CA1 neurons after induction of cerebral ischemia. Methods: Male rats weighing 260-300 g were randomly allocated into three gro...

Chronic impairment of aerobic energy metabolism accompanies global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion and likely contributes to delayed neuronal cell death. Reperfusion-dependent inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) enzyme activity has been described and proposed to be at least partially responsible for this metabolic abnormality. This study tested the hypothesis that global cereb...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We determined the effect of chronic hyperglycemia associated with diabetes on recovery of cerebral pH after global incomplete cerebral ischemia. METHODS 31P magnetic resonance spectra and cerebral blood flow (radiolabeled microspheres) were measured in three groups of dogs: (1) chronic hyperglycemic diabetes (pancreatectomy followed by blood glucose > 10 mmol/L for 3 mo...

BACKGROUND Gene therapy may be a promising approach for treatment of brain ischemia, although the efficiency of postischemic gene therapy is not established. Our goal in this study was to examine the effects of gene transfer of interleukin-10 (IL-10), an antiinflammatory cytokine, after induction of brain ischemia. METHODS AND RESULTS Brain ischemia was produced by either photochemical occlus...

Microglial response factor-1 is a newly isolated microglial gene, which encodes a Ca(2+) binding protein MRF-1 expressed in microglia and macrophages. We induced 1 h of focal cerebral ischemia or 10 min of global cerebral ischemia in the rat, and investigated the expression of MRF-1 immunoreactivity following ischemia. MRF-1 was present in resting microglia and was upregulated in response to mi...

global cerebral ischemia (gci) and reperfusion induced apoptosis that lead to cell injury and death. the bax and bcl-2 are pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes, respectively. these genes belong to the b-cell lymphoma-2 (bcl-2) family.in this study; we assessed the effect of pentoxifylline drug on bax/bcl2 gene dosage expression changes following   ischemic reperfusion injury in kidney. in thi...

BACKGROUND Global ischemic stroke is one of the most prominent consequences of cardiac arrest, since the diminished blood flow to the brain results in cell damage and sometimes permanently impaired neurological function. The post-arrest period is often characterised by cerebral hypoperfusion due to subacute hemodynamic disturbances, the pathophysiology of which are poorly understood. In two oth...

Introduction: Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the impairment of synaptic plasticity following cerebral ischemia which ultimately results in memory dysfunction. Hence, application of antioxidant agents could be beneficial in the management of memory deficit after brain ischemia. Minocycline is a tetracycline antibiotic with antioxidant effect. The main objective of this work was to asse...

Therapeutics for cerebral ischemia/hypoxia, which often results in ischemic stroke in humans, are a global unmet medical need. Here, we report that bryostatin-1, a highly potent protein kinase C (PKC) activator, interrupts pathophysiological molecular cascades and apoptosis triggered by cerebral ischemia/hypoxia, enhances neurotrophic activity, and induces synaptogenesis in rats. This postische...