Background Vertically oriented global health initiatives (GHIs) addressing the HIV/AIDS epidemic, including the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), have successfully contributed to reducing HIV/AIDS related morbidity and mortality. However, there is still debate about whether these disease-specific programs have improved or harmed health systems overall, especially with respect...

Social support is the physical and emotional comfort given to someone in times of need or crises and it is especially important for maintaining good physical and mental health. Despite the contribution of intelligent technological devices, which have led to the availability of various types of social support systems, the latter are still not widely known to many. These support systems are curre...

internationally early intervention programmes for infants and preschoolers with disabilities have proved to be remarkably successful. in many countries, they began with teachers for visually impaired or hearing impaired children visiting the family home to teach parents how they could overcome the child's impairments. the logic of early intervention was inequitable. for example, the sooner...

background and objectives: the increasing pressure on health systems to improve quality of health care,require them to develop novel conceptual framework and indices aimed at evaluating decision variables in the contemporary complex community. customer quality is a newly introduced concept addressing capability of patients in contribution to healthcare process and cooperation with healthcare pr...