Background: The present study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Dynamic Interspinous Spacer (Coflex®) and Static Spacer (X-STOP ®) compared to Laminectomy (LAMI) in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis.   Methods: A decision-analysis model was developed to estimate the cost-effectiveness. The effectiveness parameters were obtained from a systematic literature review in ...

Learning a motor task with temporally spaced presentations or with other tasks intermixed between presentations reduces performance during training, but can enhance retention post training. These two effects are known as the spacing and contextual interference effect, respectively. Here, we aimed at testing a unifying hypothesis of the spacing and contextual interference effects in visuomotor a...

As VLSI technology scales towards 65 nm and beyond, both timing and power performance of integrated circuits are increasingly affected by process variations. In practice, people often treat systematic components of the variations, which are generally traceable according to process models, in the same way as random variations in process corner-based methodologies. In particular, lithography-indu...

The Global Positioning System (GPS) signals are very weak signal over wireless channels, so they are vulnerable to in-band interferences. Therefore, even a low-power interference can easily spoof GPS receivers. Among the variety of GPS signal interference, spoofing is considered as the most dangerous intentional interference. The spoofing effects can mitigate with an appropriate strategy in the...

The effect of 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), a selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitor, on contextual fear conditioning in rats was examined. Systemic administration of 7-NI did not affect the acquisition of contextual fear (measured as freezing), but it did reduce locomotor activity and cause a corresponding increase in the expression of contextual freezing. It is concluded that nNO...