Possible theoretical frameworks for measurement of (arrival) time in the nonrelativistic quantum mechanics are reviewed. It is argued that the ambiguity between indirect measurements by a suitably introduced time operator and direct measurements by a physical clock particle has a counterpart in the corresponding classical framework of measurement of the Newtonian time based on the Hamiltonian m...

A dual direct/indirect room-sized calorimeter is used at the Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center to measure heat emission and energy expenditure in humans. Because the response times of a gradient layer direct calorimeter and an indirect calorimeter are not equivalent, the respective rate of heat emission and energy expenditure cannot be directly compared. A system of equations has been ...

We describe a method to perform any generalized purity-preserving measurement of a qubit with techniques tailored to superconducting systems. First, we consider two methods for realizing a two-outcome partial projection: using a thresholded continuous measurement in the circuit QED setup and using an indirect ancilla qubit measurement. Second, we decompose an arbitrary purity-preserving two-out...

In this paper, we present a statistical model of an indirect path generated in an ultra-wideband (UWB) human tracking scenario. When performing moving target detection, an indirect path signal can generate ghost targets that may cause a false alarm. For this purpose, we performed radar measurements in an indoor environment and established a statistical model of an indirect path based on the mea...

Direct estimates of IQ heritability based on a single family relationship such as adopted-apart relatives are often 50% greater than indirect estimates that rely on differences in correlations such as the classical twin method or nonadoptive-adoptive comparisons. Factors such as nonadditive genetic variance, assortative mating, selective placement, measurement error, age differences, and genoty...

Several reviews have been written on the various methods for the measurement of aldehydes in the environment [8,11,21]. These methods may be classified into two groups namely direct and indirect methods. Direct methods analyse the aldehydes during collection and therefore show great potential as the risk of sample contamination is greatly reduced. However, the cost and complexity of the instrum...

Assessment of techniques for measurement of blood pressure in infants and children. Indirect techniques for blood pressure (BP) measurement in infants and children include palpation, auscultation, flush, and the Doppler shift technique. In a double-blind controlled trial these indirect methods were compared to direct intra-arterial measurements. 22 children, aged 1 to 11 years, had their BP mea...

TRIPATHI ABHISHEK M., FISCHER MILAN, ORSÁG MATĚJ, MAREK MICHAL V., ŽALUD ZDENĚK, TRNKA MIREK. 2016. Evaluation of Indirect Measurement Method of Seasonal Patterns of Leaf Area Index in a High-Density Short Rotation Coppice Culture of Poplar. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 64(2): 549–556. Leaf area index (LAI) is an important determinant of biomass produc...

Evaluation of elastic properties of major arteries is subject of great interest with respect to the development of vascular diseases. In this study changes in diameter and cross-sectional area, stress-strain elastic modulus and stiffness of the common carotid arteries in healthy and atherosclerotic women and men were evaluated by using indirect end pressure changes. Variations in diameter and c...