background preventing the seasonal or pandemic outbreak of influenza can be powerful and cost-effective. objectives in this study, we constructed a novel virus-like particle (vlp) platform that contains two hemagglutinin (ha) subtypes and evaluated immunogenicity of constructed vlp in mice. materials and methods this recombinant candidate vaccine model resulted in the expression of two has of h...

  Although migratory waterfowl is well known to be a major reservoir for avian influenza virus (AIV), there are only few recently published reports about the seroprevalence of AIV in this group of birds. To investigate the AIV antibody status in migratory waterfowl of Iran, we collected 217 serum samples from 25 different species of waterfowl during 2003 and 2004. These serum samples were teste...

avian influenza virus (aiv) infection is a major cause of bird or human mortality and morbidity, therefore the rapid identification of the virus is of important clinical and epidemiological implication. methods: a multiplex reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) was optimized for the detection of influenza a virus and the h5 and h9 subtypes. the influenza type a specific primers were directed to th...

Rapid and accurate diagnosis of influenza is important for infection control, as well as for patient management. Alere i Influenza A&B is an isothermal nucleic acid amplification-based integrated system for detection and differentiation of influenza virus A and influenza virus B. The performance of the Alere i Influenza A&B was screened using frozen nasopharyngeal-swab specimens collected in vi...

introduction: in recent years, influenza viruses have caused moderate to severe infections all around the world while so far there is no influenza vaccine that can protect people with only one dose of injection. in this regard, producing a universal vaccine based on virus-like-particles (vlp) could be an ideal approach.  methods: in this study, the full-length orf of influenza hemagglutinin (ha...

background and aims: the caspases are unique proteases that mediate the host cell apoptosis during viral infection. in this study, we identified the caspase cleavage motifs of h5n1 and h9n2 influenza viruses isolated during 1998-2012. materials and methods: amino acid sequences of the eleven proteins encoded by the viruses as the caspase substrates downloaded from ncbi. the caspase cleavage mot...

conclusions after seven consecutive passages of both cell cultures, the h9n2 virus showed similar antigenicity, also no change on viral titer level and virus replication behavior in adaptation was found. the results highlighted the use of a549 cells for efficient virus isolation. results the influenza virus infectivity was not significant difference in these cells in the presence of trypsin. th...

background in the influenza a viruses, neuraminidase (na), hemagglutinin (ha), pb2, ns1 and m are responsible for the disease pathogenicity. the mechanism of pathogenicity differs among these viruses. binding of host proteases by the viral na, sequence of ha in the cleavage and receptor-binding sites, number of oligosaccharide side chains of ha, shortening of na, and substitutions in pb2, ns1 a...

conclusions: the recombinant baculovirus constructed in this work has proper characteristics to produce h5n1 influenza virus-like particles in sf9 cells. results: restriction map of pfastbacihnm1 plasmid confirmed the fidelity of the clone. the pcr carried out on the recombinant bacmids as template indicated that a proper homologous recombination has occurred between pfastbacihnm1 donor plasmid...