introduction: the etiology of male breast cancer is unclear, but hormonal levels may play a role in development of this disease. it seems that the risk of male breast cancer related to increased lifelong exposure to estrogen or reduced androgen. the aim of this study was to investigate the expression of the steroid hormone receptors including estrogen receptor (er) and progesterone receptor (pr...

objectives: the present study has been conducted to determine the effectiveness of cognitivebehavioral group-therapy on the development of visually impaired adolescents' self-concept. methods: this study is a semi-experimental pre-test and post-test model. the study population consisted of visually impaired male students of the primary and secondary high school at the omid-e-mashhad educational...

background: anorectal melanoma is one of the rare but significant malignancies of the anorectal area. this malignancy currently accounts for 1% of all types of melanoma and less than 1% of all the anorectal area malignancies. very rare cases of this disease have been reported worldwide. anorectal melanoma is mostly diagnosed while treating other benign conditions of this area such as hemorrhoid...

Background: Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is a relatively common autosomal dominant condition. Among the complications of the disease, such as neurological disorders, hypertension and skeletal deformities, malignancy is the most serious one and is the main cause of early death in these patients. Objective: Review of cases of NF-1 associated with malignancies. Patents and Methods: In a retrospective...

Background and Aim: Generally, in patients with cervical cancer, careful preliminary evaluation is necessary for avoiding improper surgical procedures and making effective clinical decisions for treatment. The aim of this study was to determine surgeons’ errors, which necessitate a combination of surgery and radiotherapy for cervical cancer patients.    Methods: In this retrospective study, med...