INTRODUCTION Research suggests that methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) effectively reduces opiate dependence and related health and social problems. However, few studies have examined its effectiveness among the elderly. This study examined a monthly MMT regime for elderly opium addicts attending the National Addictions Management Service, Singapore. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study used a...

In another sense, too, structural changes within society helped formulate this problem framework. Earlier chapters have already touched on how the emergence of separate `professions' of doctors and pharmacists in the middle of the century marked a significant stage in the establishment of altered perceptions of opium. Professional medical control was to be one of the most important motives behi...

Objectives: Difficulty in emotional regulation is an important component the pathology of different types addiction and its evaluation can be helpful understanding treating these difficulties. The purpose this study to evaluate people with opioid dependence (heroin opium), food addiction, internet compared normal people. Methods: This a causal- comparative study. Participants were 120 eligible ...

The Golden Crescent region of South Asia-comprising Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan-is a principal global site for opium production and distribution. Over the past few decades, war, terrorism, and a shifting political landscape have facilitated an active heroin trade throughout the region. Protracted conflict has exacerbated already dire socio-economic conditions and political strife within the...

Drug addictions, like cancer, are terrifying conditions to the victims because of the feelings of hopelessness and abandonment generated by the rigors of and general failure of the orthodox "treatments." Although crude opium addiction has a very long history, the large-scale addictive use of morphine salts, in this country, is generally dated from their use on wounded Civil War soldiers. Follow...

Drugs, opium in particular, have undergone a historical metamorphosis in the past few years. What once passed for the "history of opium" were some scattered references to Homer and nepenthe, Shakespeare and "drowsy mandragora", with the Chinese opium wars thrown in for good measure. There were no studies of drug use and the development of control policy in either Britain or the USA. Issues such...

BACKGROUND One of the most important factors affecting relapse of addiction is craving beliefs of substance use. The goal of the present study was assessment of the effectiveness of coping skills education program to reduce craving beliefs among opium addicts. METHODS In a randomized controlled trial, during September 2011 to August 2012, 70 opium addicted men referred to the Behavioral Disor...