We have previously reported increased concentrations of interleukin (1L)-6 in CSF from patients with tonic-clonic seizures, where increased cytokine production most likely is a consequence of neuronal epileptic activity associated with seizures. The biological effects of IL-6 are mediated by other cytokines, which are studied here in addition to IL-6. The purpose of this study was to analyze le...

Objective: Regarding the anticonvulsant effects of Satureja hortensis (S. hortensis) in Avicenna’s book: canon of medicine; the present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti- eplileptic effects of S. hortensis aqueous and ethanolic aerial part extracts. Furthermore, the mechanisms of their anticonvulsant activities were also evaluated. Materials and Methods: Seizure was induced by Pentylen...

Although ginkgo is commonly used as an alternative treatment for memory loss, Alzheimer's dementia and peripheral circulatory disturbances, it is also known to cause neuronal symptoms due to ginkgotoxin (4'-methoxypyridoxine or B6 antivitamin). We experienced a case of a 51-year-old female patient with generalized tonic clonic seizure and postictal confusion after eating large amounts of ginkgo...

A 33-year-old woman developed severe post-lumbar puncture headaches in the course of work-up for multiple sclerosis. Immediately after receiving treatment with intravenous caffeine, she became blind and experienced a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Brain MR imaging then showed vasogenic parieto-occipital edema. She recovered clinically and radiologically within 72 hours. After 1 year of follo...

A 40-year-old man was admitted for evaluation of focal motor seizures of the right lower leg, progressing to generalized tonic-clonic convulsions. His first seizure occurred about 1 week before admission. He had been having occasional bitemporal headaches over the preceding 2 years , but was otherwise healthy. Physical examination and laboratory studies were unremarkable. An electroencephalogra...

A series of 140 previously untreated patients with tonic-clonic or partial seizures were randomised to receive either phenytoin or sodium valproate. There was no difference between the treatment groups in pretreatment variables that might influence outcome. Sodium valproate and phenytoin in the treatment of tonic-clonic or partial seizures showed no difference in efficacy as regards time to two...

This study aimed to determine the post-ictal prolactin (PL) response in different types of seizures and seizure-like events in children, and correlate with the post-ictal duration. Patients were divided into group I (generalized tonic-clonic seizures, complex partial seizures or simple partial seizures), group II (febrile convulsions) and group III (conditions mimicking seizures). Group IV cons...

People with epilepsy are more accident prone than the non-epilepsy population. Bone fractures are most often due to seizure-related falls. However, seizures themselves, in particular generalized tonic-clonic seizures, may also cause fractures, e.g. of the thoracic spine. Here, I present a man who developed focal epilepsy following a subarachnoidal hemorrhage. During a focal motor seizure with l...

Research in automatic analysis of EEG for supporting the diagnosis of epileptic seizures took pace in the 1970s. Prior et al [45] suggested the use of a device called cerebral function monitor to demarcate generalized tonic-clonic seizures. These could be identified as a large increase in EEG amplitude followed by an observable decrease and by large EMG activity. Method described by Ives et al ...

We report the case of a 55-year-old patient with infrequent generalized tonic-clonic seizures since the age of 40 years and additional frequent episodes of disturbed behaviour and impaired cognition. The latter last from several hours up to one day with sudden onset and end of electroencephalographic (EEG) changes and clinical manifestations. They occurred about once a week before they were suc...