Background and Aims: Rubella is a contagious viral disease mostly with mild clinical symptoms and often remains undiagnosed. Rubella infection may adversely affect pregnancy, especially in the first trimester and this mother to child transmission can cause congenital rubella and may be lead to permanent disability and mortality in children. Effective rubella vaccine should be prepared using sui...

BACKGROUND Maternal serum prenatal quadruple screening includes testing for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), unconjugated estriol (uE3), and dimeric inhibin A (DIA). We evaluated quadruple screening using an automated platform and looked for any ethnic differences in the median values of each marker. METHODS We measured the concentrations of each quadruple test an...

Introduction Rubella virus causes -“German measles,” also known as “three-day measles.” This is usually a milder disease than red measles. Red/Hard measles or just measles is caused by Rubeola virus. The result of acute infection of the virus is a benign systematic rash which is significantly pathogenic to humans. This virus is a, positive-strand RNA virus that replicates in the cytoplasm of th...

PURPOSE To develop a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of adenovirus, herpes simplex virus, and Chlamydia trachomatis in conjunctival swabs. METHODS Oligonucleotide primers for detection of the 3 agents were combined in one reaction and evaluated for optimal performance using control DNAs of adenovirus type 2, herpes simplex virus, and C. trachomatis plasmid. The mul...

To explore possible advantages which immunoperoxidase (IP) staining might have over immunofluorescence (IF) staining for identifying rubella virus isolates, direct comparative studies were done on the same coded clinical materials using the same rubella immune rabbit serum as the primary antiserum in both systems. The rubella immune rabbit serum and conjugated anti-rabbit immune globulins could...

The use of a single-radial-haemolysis technique for the detection of antibody to rubella virus is described. The single-radial-haemolysis test was compared with the standard HI methods for the detection of antibody to rubella virus. A close correlation between the two methods was observed in a survey of over two thousand serum samples and the study indicated that single-radial-haemolysis was hi...

 Background and objective: Congenital Rubella Syndrom (CSR) could be  prevented if young women knew their immune status befor pregnancy,contributing in this way to decrease the birth morbidity rate due to CRS amonge the children.  Method: In order to determination the level of antibody or immunity to rubella in  rafsanjan city,270 sera of 14-18 years old girls were evaluated reterospectivly.EL...

The usage of cytosine in third codon positions of 22 complete Rubella virus genomes (52.4%) is significantly higher than the usage of guanine (28.9%), adenine (6.9%) and uracil (11.8%). The percentage of U ↔ C transitions (55%) between 22 Rubella virus genomes is two times higher than the percentage of A ↔ G transitions (23%). Predicted microRNA from ORF1 of Rubella virus may target human APOBE...

BACKGROUND Children with perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (PHIV) may not be protected against measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) because of impaired initial vaccine response or waning immunity. Our objectives were to estimate seroimmunity in PHIV-infected and perinatally HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) children and identify predictors of immunity in the PHIV cohort. METH...