learning-oriented assessment seeks to emphasise that a fundamental purpose of assessment should be to promote learning. it mirrors formative assessment and assessment for learning processes. it can be defined as actions undertaken by teachers and / or students, which provide feedback for the improvement of teaching and learning. it also contrasts with equally important measurement-focused appro...

abstract in a protocol analysis of second language writing from 20 adult english as a foreign language (efl) iranian students, this research observed how language-switching (l-s), i.e., first language use in l2 writing, was affected by l2 proficiency. switching interactively between first (l1) and second (l2) languages has been recognized as one of the salient characteristics of l2 writing....

Patient autonomy is the opposite of paternalism and an essential element in individualised, patient-centred, ethical care. Challenges associated with patient autonomy are culture-related and have not been fully investigated in Iran so far. The aim of this study was to explore the challenges to the autonomy of patients in Iranian hospitals.This was a qualitative study using conventional content ...

Background: Although nursing education in Iran has a positive growth and trend, but it faces challenges that the existence of these challenges makes it more important to pay attention to evaluation. The aim of this study was to provide a model for improving the evaluation of nursing education in nursing units of Islamic Azad University. Materials and methods: The present study was a qualitative...

Nowadays, societies and organizations encounter basic, multilateral and very quick changes. The successful organizations apply necessary changes based on these developments and advancements. One of these changes is the emergence of information and communication technology and consequently, e-government. Implementation of e-government has a lot of potential benefits for societies if the barriers...