Since statistical machine translation (SMT) and translation memory (TM) complement each other in matched and unmatched regions, integrated models are proposed in this paper to incorporate TM information into phrase-based SMT. Unlike previous multi-stage pipeline approaches, which directly merge TM result into the final output, the proposed models refer to the corresponding TM information associ...

Neural machine translation (NMT) often makes mistakes in translating low-frequency content words that are essential to understanding the meaning of the sentence. We propose a method to alleviate this problem by augmenting NMT systems with discrete translation lexicons that efficiently encode translations of these low-frequency words. We describe a method to calculate the lexicon probability of ...

Machine translation system is software designed that essentially takes a text in one language (called the source language) and translates it into another language (called the target language). This paper presents the state of the art in the field of machine translation. First part of this paper discusses the machine translation systems for non-Indian languages and second part discusses the mach...

The article examines the ideas of Heidegger, Losev, and Ortega y Gasset regarding possibility necessity translating philosophical texts. concept non-translation is an acknowledgment impossibility adequately reproducing a text in another language while preserving its integrity. Particularly interesting for comparison are concepts practices translation/non-translation found works written during s...

the genome of iranian wheat stripe virus (iwsv), a tentative member of the genus tenuivirus, is comprised of three ambisense and one negative sense rna segments. the coat and non-structural proteins encoded by the vcrna3 and vrna4 genes, respectively, were efficiently translated in vitro. translated proteins of vcrna3 and vrna4 transcripts were approximately 35000 and 22000 in mr, respectively,...

The present study aimed to investigate the translation into English by Alaeddin Pazargadi of Parvin E’tesami’s poems; in particular, it attempted to analyze the structural elements such as verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, articles, conjunctions, prepositions, and interjections in them. Considering the relationship between Linguistics and Translation Studies, the theoretical framewor...