High-density airborne laser scanner data has been previously shown to provide great opportunities for individual tree detection and measurement of variables characterizing the detected trees. This paper evaluates the effect of laser flight altitude on the tree height estimation at individual tree level in the boreal forest area mainly consisting of Norway spruce, Scots pine and birch. The test ...

Southeast Asia is the epicentre of world palm oil production. Plantations in Malaysia have increased 150% in area within the last decade, mostly at the expense of tropical forests. Maps of the aboveground carbon density (ACD) of vegetation generated by remote sensing technologies, such as airborne LiDAR, are vital for quantifying the effects of land use change for greenhouse gas emissions, and ...

15 The long-term effects of logging treatments on rainforest regeneration are difficult to quantify due to 16 compounding interactions between natural dynamics, site characteristics and tree species. The aim of this 17 study was to compare regeneration differences over a 36-year period in stands subjected to various levels 18 of disturbance ranging from natural, through an increasing intensity ...

Markov trees generalize naturally to bounded tree-width Markov networks, on which exact computations can still be done efficiently. However, learning the maximum likelihood Markov network with tree-width greater than 1 is NP-hard, so we discuss a few algorithms for approximating the optimal Markov network. We present a set of methods for training a density estimator. Each method is specified by...

Markov trees generalize naturally to bounded tree-width Markov networks, on which exact computations can still be done efficiently. However, learning the maximum likelihood Markov network with tree-width greater than 1 is NP-hard, so we discuss a few algorithms for approximating the optimal Markov network. We present a set of methods for training a density estimator. Each method is specified by...

Forest understories across the northern United States (US) are a complex of tree seedlings, endemic forbs, herbs, shrubs, and introduced plant species within a forest structure defined by tree and forest floor attributes. The substantial increase in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmerman) populations over the past decades has resulted in heavy browse pressure in many of these fores...