Even if a ‘complete set’ of experimental observables were measured for the elastic scattering or photo/electroproduction of pseudoscalar mesons, ambiguities would remain in the extracted partial-wave and isospin decomposed amplitudes. As these problems are not widely understood, the present work outlines the way model-dependence enters into analyses of data from both hadronic and electromagneti...

We show exact solutions of the Born-Infeld theory for electromagnetic plane waves propagating in the presence of static background fields. The non-linear character of the Born-Infeld equations generates an interaction between the background and the wave that changes the speed of propagation and adds a longitudinal component to the wave. As a consequence, in a magnetic background the ray directi...

determination of the thickness of a mountains glacier like alamkooh is very difficult due to its extremely cold climate conditions and high elevation, risk of falling large snow segments or balls and coarse topography of the glacier. in this research, due to the transparency of ice for electromagnetic (em) waves, and also, that ground penetrating radar (gpr) method is non-destructive, fast and ...

We computed the Debye series p=1 and p=2 terms of the Mie scattered intensity as a function of scattering angle and delay time for a linearly polarized plane wave pulse incident on a spherical dielectric particle and physically interpreted the resulting numerical data. Radiation shed by electromagnetic surface waves plays a prominent role in the scattered intensity. We determined the surface wa...

A test of the s e d postdate of special relativity, the universality of the speed of light, w i n g the EXTRAS (Experiment on Timing Ranging and Atnwspheric Sounding) payload to be flown en board a Russian Meteor-SM satellite (launch date January 1997) is proposed. The propagation time of a light signal transmitted from one point to another without remction would be measured directly by compari...

We have studied the ionization of Rydberg wave packets by subpicosecond, nearly unipolar electromagnetic field pulses, in the regime where the duration of the electric field is less than the classical Kepler orbit time 2pn3 for the wave packet. In contrast to the subpicosecond optical pulses, subpicosecond field pulses can ionize wave packets when the probability density near the inner turning ...

We report a method in the framework of surface wave holography to manipulate the electromagnetic wave on the metallic surface for realizing complicated electromagnetic wave transport functionalities in three-dimensional (3D) space. The method allows for direct determination of the metallic surface structure morphology for a given transport functionality, by means of writing desirable object inf...