In modern medical processes, new antimicrobial drugs are being widely used in order to rapid and essential eradication of resistant bacterial strains. Broad-spectrum beta-lactamases are enzymes originated from mutations in the common plasmid genes mediators for beta-lactamases such as TEM-1, TEM-2, and SHV-1 are transferred among bacterial species. The genes coding the production of ESBL are of...

Meloidogyne mayaguensis is a damaging root-knot nematode able to reproduce on root-knot nematode-resistant tomato and other economically important crops. In a growth chamber experiment conducted at 22 and 33 degrees C, isolate 1 of M. mayaguensis reproduced at both temperatures on the Mi-1-carrying tomato lines BHN 543 and BHN 585, whereas M. incognita race 4 failed to reproduce at 22 degrees C...

Enterobacteriaceae with blaNDM-7 is only infrequently observed. Self-transmissible plasmids carrying the blaNDM gene increase the dissemination of carbapenem resistance in developing countries. This study investigates the whole genome sequence of a blaNDM-7-positive Escherichia coli. The isolate was an extended-spectrum β-lactamase producer by combined disc diffusion test and carbapenemase prod...

carnation etched ring virus (cerv) is a member of the caulimovirus genus of the caulimoviridae. the virus is the second most important virus of carnation around the world and the only dna virus among infecting viruses of carnation. the virus infected plants were collected from greenhouse in chenaran and two fragments of ~1500 bp and ~1000 bp respectively for coat protein and movement protein we...

The Arabidopsis NPR1 gene was previously shown to be required for the salicylic acid (SA)- and benzothiadiazole (BTH)-induced expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes and systemic acquired resistance. The dominant ssi1 (for suppressor of SA insensitivity) mutation characterized in this study defines a new component of the SA signal transduction pathway that bypasses the requirement of NPR1...