background and aims. parental acceptance and consent are important parameters in selecting the required behavior management technique during pediatric dental treatment. the present study sought to assess the effect of three different informing methods on the parental acceptance, consent and concern regarding the pharmacological and invasive behavior management techniques used in pediatric denti...

the field of elt is constantly witnessing the introduction of new instructional approaches: one such perhaps recent initiative is critical discourse analysis (cda). accordingly, the present study was an attempt to investigate the impact of cda instruction on iranian efl learners’ descriptive and argumentative writing ability. to fulfill the aforementioned purpose, a sample toefl was primarily p...

toefl ibt has turned recently heads to the impacts language tests can have on language learning. since error analysis-based instruction has gained a new life with the advent of the computer analysis of the learner’s language, the researchers of this study embarked on examining a sample of integrated and independent writing tasks of 45 iranian toefl ibt candidates in order to identify and classi...

Approximately 3 billion books are sold each year in the United States, and more than a quarter of the population reports reading more than 15 books per year (Ipsos 1). The work of creative writers – including novelists, poets, playwrights, screenwriters, and sitcom writers – has a significant impact on our lives. Not surprisingly, creative writers elicit much curiosity from their audience. Freu...

this study investigated the impact of using the technique of self-monitoring on non-academic efl learners’ composition writing. fifty female students studying english at navid english institute in shiraz, iran were chosen based on the results of a proficiency test. they were all 16-20 years old and were intermediate learners of english who were divided into two control and experimental groups a...

The current study compared the effects of hand raising and response cards during a writing instruction class in a middle-school resource classroom with students who were learning English as their second language. Response cards increased the rate and accuracy of academic responding, increased weekly quiz scores, and had mixed effects on off-task behavior, but most students reported that they pr...