BACKGROUND Because economic data on the prophylactic usage of antibiotic in Iran are scant, we have conducted a cross-sectional study with provider perspective to measure costs and appropriate use of antibiotics in surgical wards of 6 training hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS), Iran. METHODS Over a six-month period 1,000 consecutive patients undergoing surgi...

Reduction of specific energy consumption by 1 – 2% per year is typically what is considered feasible for end-use energy applications. This article tries to answer the question whether much higher rates, for example 5% and more are feasible for new equipment, installations and buildings. After examining some end-use functions in industry, buildings and the transport sector, it is concluded that ...

Cooperative games and von Neumann-Morgenstern solution. Situations when all participants collaborate with each other is known as a cooperative game. One way to describe a cooperative game is to assign, to every subset S ⊆ N def = {1, . . . , n} of the set of all the participants, the value v(S) that describes what players from S can gain if they collaborate between themselves only. Such subsets...

We report three cases of asymptomatic celiac disease identified in children with Down syndrome after being screened at around twenty-four months of age.  These cases raise the question as to what age is screening for celiac disease indicated in a child with Down syndrome and no symptoms.

. The crude incidence of malignant melanoma in the European Union is 10/100 000 per year. The incidence increases with latitude, i.e. with increasing prevalence of less pigmented skin types, from 3–5/100 000 per year in Mediterranean countries to 12–17 in Nordic countries. The mortality is 2.4/100 000 per year with a lesser variation with geography. Increased ultraviolet-B ray exposure seems re...

The identity and distribution of a neglected fungus gnat species, Rymosia tolleti Burghele-Balacesco, 1965, in Europe is reviewed based on examination newly collected specimens as well available museum mate-rials. widespread but rather rare Central Europe, with confirmed records from Romania, Slo-vakia, Germany, France. All the known collection details originate cave environments. Detailed phot...

We present a laser spectroscopic study of the Ã1Πu – X̃1Σg+ transition 13C mono-substituted C3 in 378–406 nm region. The 13C12C12C and 12C13C12C isotopologues are produced pulsed jet expansion, by DC discharging gas mixture ∼0.3% C2H2/Ar (with ∼1% natural abundance). By using induced fluorescence spectroscopy, thirteen vibronic bands belonging to electronic have been recorded for 12C13C12C, elev...