The results of the application of the linear estimation technique to multiwavelength Raman lidar measurements performed during the summer of 2011 in Greenbelt, MD, USA, are presented. We demonstrate that multiwavelength lidars are capable not only of providing vertical profiles of particle properties but also of revealing the spatio-temporal evolution of aerosol features. The nighttime 3β + 1α ...

afghan pine one of the native tree species in eldar region of azerbaijan republic. fast growing, suited for dry climate condition, increasing wood in unit volume, reason of using eldar pine in reforestation and plantations. at this case study of absheron peninsular of baku, azerbaijan, were taken 14 trees samples of two sites. bbg, baku botanical garden and bmd, baku merdakandendrary, are two c...

Surface interactions occur near the land–atmosphere interface, thus affecting temperature, convection, boundary layer, and stability of atmosphere. A proper representation surface is a crucial component for numerical atmospheric air quality modeling. We assessed four land schemes—1. 5–layer thermal diffusion scheme (1 5-Layer); 2. unified Noah model (2 Noah); 3. rapid update cycle (3 RUC) model...

Precipitation is a key hydrometeorological variable for understanding surface energy partitioning and water budget over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). A substantial proportion of summer precipitation falls as rain. The effects different land models (LSMs) on TP’s their inner mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, assessments LSMs coupled with Weather Research Forecasting model in simulation were inve...