regarding the ever evolving and improving world on different aspects of knowledge, the need to a worldwide communication would emerge stronger than ever before which calls for special attention on the judgments and best choices for intermediating between the nations. as the language skills for translation are tested separately from translation skills themselves, to assess translation skills pro...

Aims: Different studies have shown different effects of exercise on low back pain. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of selective home-based exercises on chronic low back pain in unilateral below knee amputees. Materials and Methods: In this randomized controlled clinical trial with pretest-posttest design conducted in 2016, 53 unilateral below knee amputees with chronic lo...

Introduction: Chronic low back pain is a complex disorder with wide-ranging adverse consequences that can impact on people’s lifestyles. It has been suggested that further research is needed to develop a better understandin[1]g of its impact  and helped reaserchers to develop and adapt multicomponent interventions that will address patients needs. Thus,The purpose of this study was to examine ...

Background and purpose: Despite the high prevalence of mechanical low back pain, its etiology remains undiscovered in most of the cases. However, there have been many speculations about its origin based on X-ray findings and hyperlordosis of lumbar spine is an important factor. In this study, attempts were made to establish a possible relation between low back pain, lumbar lordosis and lumbosac...

Objectives: Aging and change in the skeletal muscle are certain challenges faced by the elderly. This condition leads to a decrease in the musculoskeletal functions, physical function, and disability compared to the younger individuals. Thus, the current study aimed at examining the exercise of back stabilizer muscles of aged women compared to the young ones in response to resistance training a...

Background & Aims: Back pain is one of the major problems in women around the world and nearly 80% of people have experienced it at least once in their lifetime. Urinary incontinence is also one of the most important problems in women, which is usually associated with back pain. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect and compare eight weeks of Kegel exercises and stability ...