Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a rare but highly malignant neoplasm. Most cases are discovered incidentally in patients undergoing evaluation for gallstone disease. It believed that an unfavorable prognosis associated with RZD late stage at diagnosis, which due to both the anatomical position of gallbladder and vagueness non-specificity symptoms, increases relevance studying highlighting this topi...

Worldwide, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is is the fifth most common cancer in men and the seventh in women (Figure 1). Because of impaired treatment options and late diagnosis in many cases, mortality is almost as high as the incidence rate (mortality: incidence rate 0.93). Worldwide, it is the third most frequent cause of tumour-related deaths. In the year 2008, 748,300 new HCCs and 695,900 ...

What we know: No one gene is a major cause of asthma. Some racial groups are more at risk of asthma than others. Early exposure to domestic animals appears to reduce the chance of developing asthma. Good hygiene may increase the likelihood of asthma. Impaired early airway function predisposes to asthma. What we need to know: How do several minor genetic factors combine to increase the risk of a...

BACKGROUND In conventional epidemiology confounding of the exposure of interest with lifestyle or socioeconomic factors, and reverse causation whereby disease status influences exposure rather than vice versa, may invalidate causal interpretations of observed associations. Conversely, genetic variants should not be related to the confounding factors that distort associations in conventional obs...